Dry Mouth (Xerostomia): What It Is and How to Manage It

Dry mouth, also known as xerostomia, is a common condition where the mouth does not produce enough saliva. While it may seem like a minor inconvenience, persistent dry mouth can significantly affect oral health, comfort, and quality of life.

Saliva is essential for keeping the mouth healthy. It helps neutralise acids, wash away food debris, protect teeth from decay, and keep oral tissues comfortable. When saliva flow is reduced, the mouth becomes more vulnerable to problems such as tooth decay, gum disease, oral soreness, and bad breath.

What Causes Dry Mouth?

Dry mouth can have many causes, and often more than one factor is involved.

Medications are one of the most common contributors. Antidepressants, antihistamines, blood pressure tablets, pain relief medications, and some inhalers can all reduce saliva production.

Dehydration is another key factor. During winter, people often drink less water, while central heating and cold air can further dry out oral tissues.

Mouth breathing, particularly at night, can leave the mouth feeling dry and sore on waking. Stress and anxiety may also affect saliva flow.

Certain medical conditions, including diabetes and autoimmune conditions such as Sjögren’s syndrome, are associated with dry mouth. Head and neck radiotherapy can also impact salivary gland function.

Lifestyle habits such as smoking, alcohol consumption, and excessive caffeine intake may worsen symptoms.

Common Symptoms of Xerostomia

Dry mouth can present in several ways, including:

• A constant dry or sticky feeling in the mouth
• Difficulty swallowing, chewing, or speaking
• Cracked lips or soreness at the corners of the mouth
• A burning or uncomfortable tongue
• Altered taste
• Increased tooth decay or gum problems
• Persistent bad breath

If these symptoms are ongoing, they should not be ignored.

Why Managing Dry Mouth Matters

Without adequate saliva, the mouth loses its natural protective balance. This increases the risk of tooth decay, gum disease, oral infections, and discomfort with dentures or orthodontic appliances. Managing dry mouth is therefore an important part of protecting long-term oral health.

Practical Ways to Manage Dry Mouth

Simple daily habits can help relieve symptoms:

• Sip water regularly throughout the day
• Avoid alcohol-based mouthwashes
• Limit caffeine and alcohol intake
• Chew sugar-free gum to stimulate saliva
• Maintain excellent oral hygiene

For many people, specialist dry mouth products provide additional relief. Saliva-substitute sprays and gels designed to mimic natural saliva can help keep the mouth comfortable throughout the day and night. Products from Oralieve are widely recommended by dental professionals because they are alcohol-free, gentle, and designed for long-lasting moisture.

When to Seek Professional Advice

If dry mouth is persistent, worsening, or affecting your ability to eat, speak, or sleep comfortably, it is important to speak to your dentist or GP. They can help identify the underlying cause and recommend appropriate treatment options.

Final Thoughts

Dry mouth is common, but it should never be dismissed. With the right awareness, daily habits, and supportive products, symptoms can be managed effectively, helping to protect both oral health and overall comfort.

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